Shear‐Responsive Drug Delivery Systems in Medical Devices: Focus on Thrombosis and Bleeding

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Blood-contacting medical devices provide critical support for patients with severe respiratory and/or cardiac failure. High shear stress zones and non-biocompatible circuit can increase risk thrombus formation in patients. These thrombi restrict blood flow through circuits travel to lungs brain, creating significant consequences. Antithrombotic drugs are used lower this risk, but they also raise incidence bleeding problems. This article explores delicate balance between thrombosis by examining platelet activation under stress. The feasibility a shear-responsive nanomedicine-based drug delivery system has been explored as potential approach targeted administration antithrombotic medications systemic levels reduce risk. Furthermore, lack vitro platforms investigate biological behavior nanoparticles impeding their clinical translation. As result, microfluidic technology offers platform investigating nanoparticle linking it performance vivo. Finally, challenges factors that affect functionality, stability, circulation time liposomal investigated improve efficacy devices.